The Rise of Hitler to Power

Introduction Adolf Hitler rose to power as the chancellor of Germany in 1933 through a legal election and formed a coalition government of the NSDAO-DNVP Party. Many issues in Hitler’s life and manipulations behind the curtains preceded this event.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Rise of Hitler to Power specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hitler and the Nazi party rose to power propelled by various factors that were in play in Germany since the end of World War I. The weak Weimar Republic and Hitler’s anti-Semitism campaigns and obsession were some of the factors that favored Hitler’s rise to power and generally the Nazi beliefs (Bloxham and Kushner 2005: 54). Every public endorsement that Hitler received was an approval for his hidden Nazi ideals of dictatorship and Semitism regardless of whether the Germans were aware or not. Hitler’s pathway to power was rather long and coupled wit h challenges but he was not ready to let go; he held on to accomplish his deeply rooted obsessions and beliefs; actually, vote for Hitler was a vote for the Holocaust. Hitler joined the German Worker’s Party in the year 1919 as its fifth member. His oratory talent and anti-Semitism values quickly popularized him and by 1920, he was already the head of propaganda. The party later changed its name to Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartel (NSDPA) and formed paramilitary groups in the name of security men or gymnastics and sports division. It was this paramilitary formed by Hitler that would cause unrest later to tarnish the name of the communists leading to distrust of communism by the Germans and on the other hand rise of popularity of the Nazi (Burleigh 1997: 78).Advertising Looking for essay on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A turning point of Hitler took place when he led the Beer Hall Putsch, in a failed coup de tat and the government later imprisoned him on accusations of treason. The resulting trial earned him a lot of publicity, he used the occasion to attack the Weimar republic, and later while in prison, he rethought his approach to get into power. The Weimar Republic The military defeat and German revolution in November 1918 after the First World War saw the formation of Weimar republic.The military government handed over power to the civilian government and later on revolutions in form of mutinies, violent uprisings and declaration of independence occurred until early 1919. Then there was formation of constituent assembly and promulgated of new constitution, which included the infamous article 48. None of the many political parties could gain a majority vote to form government and therefore many small parties formed a coalition government. What followed were a short period of political stability mainly because of the coalition government in place and the later the sig ning of the Treaty of Versailles in June 1919. Many factors caused the rise of the Nazi party to power. The most notable factor was his ability to take advantage of Germany’s poor leadership, economical and political instability. The Weimar’s Republic collapse under pressure due to hyperinflation and civil unrest was the result of Hitler’s ability to manipulate the German media and public while at the same time taking advantage of the country’s poor leadership (Schleunes 1990: 295). The period between 1921 and 1922, Germany was struggling with economic instability due to high inflation and hyperinflation rates prior to the absolute collapse of the German currency. The German mark became almost useless resulting into instability-fuelled unrest in many sectors of the economy. To counter the effects, the government printed huge amounts of paper money.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Rise of Hitler to Power specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Germany had to sign the unforgiving treaty of Versailles, which the Weimar Republic was responsible for and was later to become the ‘noose around Germany’s neck’, a situation that caused â€Å"feelings of distrust, fear, resentment, and insecurity towards the Weimar Republic† (Bartov 2000: 54). Hitler built on these volatile emotions and offered the option of a secure and promising leadership of the extremist Nazi party as opposed to the weak and unstable coalition government of the Weimar republic. Dippel notes, â€Å"Hitler’s ability to build upon people’s disappointed view of the hatred of the treaty of Versailles was one of the major reason for the Nazi party’s and Hitler’s rise to power† (1996: 220). The Treaty of Versailles introduced the German population to a period of economic insatiability and caused an escalation of hard economic standards. The opportunis tic appearance of an extremist group that promised better options than the prevailing situation presented a temptation to the vulnerable Germans to accept it (Dippel 1996: 219). During the period of hyperinflation, unemployment rose sharply and children were largely malnourished. The value of people’s savings spiraled downwards leading to low living standards and reduction in people buying power. People became desperate and started a frantic search for a better alternative to the Weimar Government. Germany in a state of disillusionment became a prey to the convincing promises of Hitler. Hitler promised full employment and security in form of a strong central government. The Weimar republic also faced political challenges from both left-wingers and right-wingers. The communists wanted radical changes like those one implemented in Russia while the conservatives thought that the Weimar government was too weak and liberal. Anti-Semitism The Germans longed for a leader with the le adership qualities of Bismark especially with the disillusionment of the Weimar republic. They blamed the government for the hated Versailles treaty and they all came out to look for a scapegoat to their overwhelming challenges (Thalmann and Feinermann 1990: 133).Advertising Looking for essay on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In their bid to look for scapegoats, many Germans led by Hitler and Nazi party blamed the German Jews for their economic and political problems. Hitler made a failed attempt to seize power through a coup de tat that led to his arrest and imprisonment. In prison, he wrote a book that was later to become the guide to Nazism known as Mein Kampf (My Struggle). The book reflected Hitler’s obsessions to nationalism, racism, and anti-Semitism and he insisted that Germans belonged to a superior race of Aryans meaning light-skinned Europeans. According to Hitler, the greatest enemies of the Aryans were the Jews and therefore the Germans should eliminate them at all costs since they were the genesis of all their misfortunes. These views on Semitism could trace its genesis in history from which it Historians suspect that Hitler’s ideas were rooted. In this view, Christians persecuted Jews mainly because of their difference in beliefs. Nationalism in the 19th century caused the so ciety to view Jews as ethnic outsiders while Hitler viewed Jews not as members of a religion but as a unique race (Longerich 2006: 105). Consequently, he blamed the German’s defeat on a conspiracy of Marxists, Jews, corruption of politicians and businesspersons. Hitler urged the Germans on the need to unite into a great nation so that the slaves and other inferior races could bow to their needs (Bergen 2003: 30). He further advocated for removal and elimination of the Jews from the face of the earth to create enough space for ‘great nation’. He spread propaganda that for Germany to unite into one great nation it required a strong leader one he believed to be destined to become. These Semitism views contributed to the sudden change of fortunes for the Nazi party and Hitler because the conditions were appropriate. The Germans were desperate for some hope in the midst of frustrating times due to the failure of the Weimar republic and rising communism (Stone 2004: 17 ). They involuntarily yielded to the more appealing Nazism values especially with the promises of destroying communism and improved living standards. However, in accepting the Nazi party and Hitler, the Germans were giving in to Semitism, which was deeply rooted in the core values of Nazism, and Hitler had clearly outlined them in the Mein Kampf, which laid out his ideas and future policies. Propaganda Hitler’s well timed and precise way of â€Å"introducing the secure option of Nazism at an appropriate time and taking advantage of a disjointed Weimar republic that faced unprecedented challenges† (Cohn-Sherbok 1999: 12) was one of the many reasons that underscored Hitler’s fame. He promised a strong and united German nation very timely when the German nation had suffered a dent to their pride and union due to the defeat in the First World War. Hitler’s promise of a strong and powerful nation began to look very appealing causing a large proportion of Germa ns, who were in disillusionment, to divert their support the Nazi Party (Gordon 1987: 67). Hitler’s opportunistic approach and perfectly timed cunning speeches as well as his manipulation of certain circumstance were significant reasons for the rise of Nazism and Hitler in Germany. During the Great depression and release from prison, Hitler introduced large-scale propaganda and at the same time manipulated the media with his ideas. This led to the Nazi supporter’s increase of detests against their opposition and many Germans believed in the cunning lies of Hitler (Kaplan 1999: 45). He managed to spread lies against the communist society and a case in point is when a communist supporter set the Reichstag building ablaze in one of the civil unrests in Germany, supposedly. This event caused the communism society to loose popularity and allowed Hitler to activate the enabling act when he came to power. The act marked a turning point in the success of Hitler’s dictat orship and Historians accredit it as the foundation of the Nazi rule. The communists later realized that the Nazis were responsible for the act at Reichstag building and the act meant to provoke hatred between the communists and Nazi supporters. Conclusion Hitler had a very charming personality that made him very easy to get along with people. His likable character and oratory skills enabled him to put forward the strong sense of authority that the Weimar Republic lacked. This, in combination with other factors, made him very appealing to the desperate Germans, making them believe in the Nazi ideals like Semitism and supporting the Nazi party while concurrently fueling hatred of the ruling Weimar Republic. Hitler’s ability to manipulate circumstances and situation in the favor of himself and his Nazi Party was reason for their success to rise to power. Hitler waited patiently to take hold of the realms of power before unleashing his full force of dictatorship and hatred for t he Jews, which led to the holocaust. It is therefore just to state that every Hitler’s vote was a vote for the holocaust. Reference List Bartov, O., ed., The Holocaust: origins, implementation, aftermath, Routledge, London/New York, 2000. Bergen, D. L., War Genocide: a concise history of the Holocaust, 2nd ed., Rowman Littlefield, 2003. Bloxham, D. T. Kushner, The Holocaust. Critical historical approaches, Manchester University Press, Manchester, 2005. Burleigh, M., Ethics and Extermination. Reflections on Nazi Genocide, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997. Cohn-Sherbok, D., Understanding the Holocaust, Cassell. London/New York, 1999. Dippel, J. H., Bound upon a Wheel of Fire. Why so many German Jews made the tragic decision to remain in Nazi Germany, Basic Books, New York, 1996. Gordon, A. S., Hitler, Germans and the ‘Jewish Question’, Blackwell, Oxford, 1987. Kaplan, M., Between dignity and despair: Jewish life in Nazi Germany, New York: Oxford Unive rsity Press, 1999. Longerich, P., The Unwritten Order. Hitler’s Role in the Final Solution, Tempus, The Mill, GLS, 2006. Schleunes, K. A., The Twisted Road to Auschwitz. Nazi Policy towards German Jews, 1933-9, University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 1990. Stone, D., Histories of the Holocaust, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2004. Thalmann, R. E. Feinermann, Crystal night, 9-10 November 1938, Thames and  Hudson, London, 1990. This essay on The Rise of Hitler to Power was written and submitted by user Benton N. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Consolation of Philosophy

The Consolation of Philosophy Introduction It is possible to watch how a man’s self-concept has been changing variously throughout centuries. Of course, it is hard to have the cognitions and attitudes changing towards many aspects of life. It is even more problematic to speak on the opinions about law, God, and circumstances that have developed until nowadays since the variety of ideals for modern people is enormous.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Consolation of Philosophy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More So, it would be appropriate to suggest the overview of changing virtues and people’s views within the well-known cognitive books: The Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri, The Consolation of Philosophy by Ancius Boethius, and the Holy Bible. The research will show how the matters of religious beliefs, approach to the law, and to the fate itself have been changing their perspectives as it is shown in the books under consideration. The Divine Comedy: Inferno by Dante Alighieri The first volume The Divine Comedy represents the views of people on the Western civilization. It provides the narration about main sins existing in our corrupt society and the circles represents person’s journey to God. Here the self-concept is revealed through recognition of the deadly sins. Therefore, we can explicitly see that the comedy undertakes drawing the classical and medieval history of theology: â€Å"†¦I entered there I cannot truly say, I had become so sleepy at the moment when I first strayed, leaving the path of truth†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Aligieri 67, line 10). Namely, it shows the perspectives of views of the medieval contemporaries – the God’s almightiness, his power within the universe: â€Å"Throughout the circles of this dark inferno/ I saw no shade so haughty toward his God, not even he who from Thebes’ high walls† (Alighieri 205, line 15). Besides, humans’ right of choice a nd God’s help to those who trust in him are discussed in the book. These were the basic beliefs that emerged in Dante Alighieri comedy and reflected the attitude towards theological issues back in the centuries. Moreover, people of those days thought upon the problems of afterlife. This is where a problem of justice emerges. Dante depicts how differently sins are being punished and the overall description brings one to the point where it is determined that following the laws of Bible will save you from being ‘charged’ too much in purgatory. The Holy Bible Within the Holy Bible the notion of fate is depicted in the following way – it is a constant overcoming of the life’s circumstances and tortures which are being completely inevitable and impossible to avoid. This is the primary meaning of the person’s destiny according the Bible, though still the power of God is the foremost and the most dominating one: â€Å" And God said ‘Let there be light’; and there was light† (Holy Bible 1, line 3).Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Unlike Dante’s comedy, the Bible presents the beautiful life after death if only one obeys the laws of God. Both the Old Testament and the New Testament have the leitmotif of obedience to the Ten Commandments running through the entire content. So, the changes in relations with God that took place are slightly seen, though very easily determined, which outlines the omnipotence of God and His decisive role in human’s life: â€Å"†¦by Go of your farther who will help you by God almighty who will bless you with blessing of heaven above†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Holy Bible 48, line 25). The comedy suggests adopting God’s methods as a motive to back oneself up with proper life for better outcome and staying in purgatory whereas Bible is a book that gives an opport unity to hear God, obey His admonition and get prepared for a better and happier life after death. The Consolation of Philosophy by Ancius Boethius The book The Consolation of Philosophy touches upon the issues of controversies between the good men and the evil men, their natures and the rights to exist. According to Boethius, God punishes the evil men even greater by simply allowing them to exist and experience all the advantages of earth sinful life. In particular, the poet writes, â€Å"†¦No Power is free to disarray/ The Order God has shown†¦The Lord would not allow success in mutiny to grace† (Boethius and Watts 19). The philosopher is troubled by the impossibility of God to prevent suffering of good people and, therefore, he idealistically claims that it is impossible for the good to always dominate over the evil. In addition, the philosopher realizes that happy life can only be achieved through good deeds: â€Å"†¦If first you rid yourself of hope and f ear/ You have disarmed the tyrant’s wrath†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Boethius and Watt 9). Alighieri, Dante. Musa, Mark. The Divine Comedy: Volume 1: Inferno. NY, New York: Penguin Classics, 1984. Print Boethius, Ancius., Watts, Victor. The Consolation of Philosophy: Revised Edition. NY, New York: Penguin Classics, 1999. Print.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Consolation of Philosophy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Holy Bible, Revised Standard Version. NY, New York: Plume, 1974. Print.

Approaches to error correction in language teaching, and how it has Literature review

Approaches to error correction in language teaching, and how it has evolved - Literature review Example Language is correlated to culture, and understanding a people’s language is a prerequisite to understanding their culture. A second language is very vital to the lives of many people because it affects their careers, identities and future lives. It is therefore, an important task when one engages in helping people to acquire a second language (Cook, 2008, p. 1). In fact, it would be very difficult for tourists to enjoy their tour in a foreign country, for instance, if they were unable to express themselves in the language that is commonly spoken in that language or if the tour guides in the foreign country did not have sufficient spoken and written knowledge on the tourists’ language. However, language teaching, especially second language teaching, is associated with errors among learners. This means that language teaching incorporates error correction. Various approaches to error correction in language teaching have been proposed by various scholars and researchers. Initially, attention was focused on the language that the learner produced and the technique of error analysis focused on the differences between the learner’s speech and that of the native speaker. Language teachers or instructors were interested to know how the learner’s language was like (Cook, 2008, p. 6). Naturally, it is very difficult for a foreigner to attain the same language proficiency as that of a native speaker. Therefore, this approach could not be effective in evaluating achievement of a language learner because it is not guaranteed that such learner can attain absolute proficiency in spoken or written language. It has been noted that second language learners do not achieve proficiency in language which can measure up with native-speaking individuals in terms of speaking and writing. One of the reasons why this phenomenon is varied is becau se of instructional issues (House, 2011, p. 61). During the 1950s and 1960s, the

Community Paper - Assignment B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Community Paper - Assignment B - Essay Example Individuals can also belong to psychological communities, which involve personal interaction governed by sentiments of trust, collaboration, and altruism. This definition by Aristotle expanded to acknowledge that the world has contracted into a global village. One characteristic of such a community is bringing together of isolated individuals giving rise to communities which are unrestricted by geographical location. With the emergence of information technology there has been a creation of networks and cyber communities that link organizations and individuals across the globe through the internet irrespective of national boundaries (Stuckey, 2008). A community is a network of self-organized individuals with a common cause, agenda, or interest and these individuals collaborate by sharing information, ideas, and other resources with an aim of progression. In this regard, virtual communities consist of individuals in an online discussion on matters of common concern, or of those who fre quent a certain website for such purposes as socialization. This, therefore, implies that a community is a cluster of individuals with a common interest that arise from their association. An instance of a community is a college community, which involves individuals attending college. A neighborhood community comprises of people who live in a neighborhood and an online community made up of members of a certain website such as Facebook. Characteristics of a community The common defining characteristics of a community have common components, which are the people in the community, social interaction, common ties, and a place. Stuckey (2008), notes that the most essential characteristic of a community is the people People The people in a community involve a group of individuals who possess common initiatives. These individuals identify themselves with a thing or event that is larger than the summation of their individual relationships. A community must have people, and without this funda mental characteristic, a collection of any other thing cannot qualify as a community. These people can also be a group entity who have a common identity or are located within some defined boundaries. A community can, however, be restricted by limited membership to the community, but the individuals in the community must have some relationship with each other often because of a common ground. Rituals, social agreements, and social policies must govern the people in a community. These policy agreements and rituals ensure that each member of the community is valued. The people in a community are often organized according to the roles they play in the community. Sociability of the people in a community generates content for the community (McMillan & Georg, 2006, p.130). In the college community, this characteristic of people characterizes the students and the college staff. These individuals are guided by the college rules and follow the social agreements put in place by the college. Em ergence of roles also emerges in such a community where the roles of the staff and that of the students are clearly differentiated. Online communities also have the characteristic of people and are exemplified by the participants in the discussion or members of a website. It is only real people who can form a virtual community and it are necessary to note that computer robots, despite their abilities to engage in activities similar to that of

Project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 21

Project management - Essay Example Product description- Clients will be enabled to track their asset managements with the firm, trade and access securities at their door steps and any other service offered by the organizations such as credit facilities. Each of the customers will be provided with their respective business numbers which enables them to view transactions from our website. Milestone- To determine the project progress, their will be weekly meetings that provides for analysis in the project development. Various cost reviews are likely to take place to ensure the cost estimates are adhered to. Time periods will be maintained as determined by the critical path analysis while every stakeholder is expected work on their assigned roles. Rough Order of Magnitude- The cost of the project will be relatively sums that are derived at by the project manager but limited to the amounts that do not negatively affect the financial base of the company. It is expected to last for a period of three months beginning the month of March. Key initial personnel- Project development manager will be the key leader in the project working very closely with IT manager. He will be expected to report to the chief executive officer on weekly basis to provide briefings which will be addressed to the board of the

Monitoring System For Automatic Plant Irrigator

Monitoring System For Automatic Plant Irrigator Irrigation is of the method to watering the plant and to improve the quality of crops. Automatic irrigation is a modern method that used for watering vegetables, fruits and farm crops. This project paper will describe automatic plant irrigator designed by using microcontroller. The main purpose of this project is to design an automatic watering device by sensing the soil conditions. In addition, the project also aims to design a soil moisture sensor that can be easily integrated with a microcontroller. To achieve this objective, some research and studies has been done in some previous similar project. Based on the review, the methodology that used in this project are divide into two, which is hardware and software parts. Both development are involving design, experimentation, simulation and construction to get an expected result which meets the project objective. Data analysis for this project will proceed after the completion of the hardware and the software procedure. This is for t he purpose to ensure the project can achieve the objective and also to ensure the reliability of the system. C(iii) Detailed proposal of project: Cadangan maklumat projek secara terperinci: (a) Introduction Pengenalan When it comes to agricultural activities, irrigation in one of the vital process. Irrigation system is an essential important element for plant growth. It also one of major effect in any plant cultivation as it may affect on the growth of plant. Irrigation in agriculture term is defined as an artificial application of watering of the arable land or soil. Water is most important to our life and we cannot survive without it. Water also is essential ingredient of plant. Most of gardener usually uses manual technique to watering their plant. This technique system is inefficient. Sometime, the possibility to over watering is high when use this technique. In order to overcome this problem, Automatic plant irrigator is used. Automatic plant irrigator or better known as an automatic plant watering system is a system that is introduced not only provide a programmable watering system but also a continuous monitoring system. The main goal of this project is to design an automatic plant irrigator where the system is equipped with a reliable soil water level or moisture sensor. This system is applicable for small or medium agricultural-industry. This system will be divided into three main units which are sensing element, control element and final control element. Sensor such as soil moisture detector are use to control the watering system (b) Problem statement Pernyataan Masalah Nowadays, automatic plant irrigator system is commonly applied in agriculture such as domestic gardening. In this industry, automatic plant irrigator system usually used to supply water to maintain soil moisture so plants can grow well. Unfortunately, there are still gardeners or farmers who maintained use manually watering technique because not all of them afford to buy the system. Over-watering possibility would occur if this manual process is still practiced. It will caused the plants drown if supply too much water for them. Sometime this manual technique also make the process water late reaches or does not reach the roots of plants and this will cause the plant get dried. Lack of water can be harmful to the plant or even can render it withered. The effect of this lack of water can also slow down the process of plant growth and will also affect the light weight of the plants. In the conventional system, farmers also need monitor the irrigation timetable, as each plant has a different time in terms of watering time. An automatic plant irrigation monitoring system is the good solution to overcome this problem. This irrigation system is not only provides a good hydration system for plant but also provides the controller that allows the user to set their irrigation system operation. Users also can set the level of moisture that is allowed according to the specification in the soil so their crops will always have a maintained moisture level. (c) Objective (s) of the Project Objektif Projek To compare the sensitivity of two type of sensor probe that was made of stainless steel and copper To design reliable soil moisture sensor To design automatic plant irrigator monitoring system (c) Project Scope Skop Projek This project will be focus to design low cost automatic plant irrigation. The project involves the evolution of manually watering techniques to automatic watering techniques. The controlling of the automatic watering system in an agricultural. To complete this project in such systematic and organized manners, some scope and limitation should be set accordingly. Sensor used to control the watering system is soil moisture sensor. There are several software will be used, the software is livewire that been used to simulated the circuit. The second software that will be used in this project Visual Basic 6 that been used to implement the graphical user interface for PIC as the system controller. The communication between Visual Basic and automatic plant irrigator system will be determined by using an address to give or receive digital or analog signal. (e) Literature Review Keterangan latar belakang projek kajian literature Soil moisture sensor Sensor is a device which used to measure a physical quantity and convert this information into a signal that can be read by the observer or a tool. [1] The Sensor converts one form of energy into another form because the sensor is a transducer. For this reason, the sensor is categorized according to the type of energy transfer that they detected. Soil moisture measurement provides very useful information to agriculture, such as agriculture farm, soil stability, soil moisture and construction activities. [2] The probe selection for sensor is very important. This is because the material that used in the probe. Sensor sensitivity is depending on the material that used to construct the probe and also depends on how the sensor operates. Typically, soil moisture sensor is based on the resistance value of the soil. Water is a type of electric conductance. So generally, if the resistance is low, the soil is dry and vice versa. [3]. Gypsum block is a product of the low cost soil moisture monitoring. Their low cost and ease of interpretation make this block is particularly suitable for seasonal crops. There are two electrodes embedded in the gypsum block. When gypsum wet, it will conduct electric easily and when gypsum dry, it is a poor conductor. A pair of electrode within the block will measure the change in the resistance. It is possible directly using a pair of electrode measure the resistivity in the soil but the measurement will influence by changes in soil conductivity brought about by salt and other ingredients. The ion gypsum provided a buffer against the effects of salt and nutrients. It is very effective for prevention of salt ions from reaching the electrode and to ensure the sensor is only responding to moisture level. [4] PIC Microcontroller is a computer on- a- chip. It is a type of intelligence processor that can be programmed for collecting data from input. Microcontroller frequently uses in automatically control devices such as remote control system, toys and hardware. [5] PIC is used as the main brain system in a moisture monitoring system. Technically, PIC is used to converts analog signals to digital signal that can be read by computer that provided the view of monitoring system. In the measurement of soil moisture, the soil moisture sensor potential to measure the difference (voltage) across the probe and transmit the measure to the PIC. PIC will convert the reading into the soil moisture level. This is achieved by setting the conversion unit into the PIC programmed.[6] Irrigation System The main purpose of Automatic irrigation management system is proposed to offer the following benefits: first, it is able to provide the amount of water needed by plants in the field. Second, it can eliminate the time and scheduling system for watering plants. Third, it also managed to contain the pressures caused by over-watering plants. In conclusion, this system is to promote the save and production water. [7] With the increasing needs for agriculture, human start to realize that agriculture activity are needs plentiful source of water just like how they need water to survive. As time goes by, the increase in population and the area of settlement grows wider. So, human has created a device that allows them to get water even they are far from the water source. The earliest system known as aqueducts. [8] Soil Moisture Monitoring Software The software is designed to monitor system operation. This is to record the measurement of soil moisture so that can be used as a reference for plant watering strategies to produce better yields. The data recording is very important since different patterns in the irrigation schedule do affect the crops growth. [9] The concept of monitoring system is also beneficial to operators to help them monitor for any abnormalities in the system during operation. The software also provides a graphical display system operation. The display helps the operator to determine the level of soil moisture and watering system conditions during operation. This will ensure the system is healthy and operate normally. [10] Soil water percentage experiment Before starting the experiment, the method of calculation needs to be determined first. For this project, the water percentage will be calculated by referring to the mass of dry soil. This method will apply three general equations which are normally used to determine the water percentage using the oven dry method. (d) Methodology Kaedah projek For sensing unit, the design stage is started with the soil moisture sensor circuit design. In this project, the voltage divider circuit is used. After the soil moisture circuit has been confirmed, the next step is determining the material that is used as a sensor probe. Here are two types of probes were used which is stainless steel and copper. Experiment and analysis will be conducted on both of the probe. Result from both of the probe will be taken and compared to determine which probe more suitable as a sensor probe. The selection of reliability sensor is depend on the high electric conductivity and also has a high corrosion resistance. The sensor probe is build of two rods which are separated for 2 cm. The two rods are separated so that when the probe is inserted into the soil there will be a potential difference across them. These potential difference is varies with the soil resistivity. The microcontroller used in this project is the Duemilanove Arduino. The Arduino is equipped with the Atmega328 PIC with a built in USB interface which provides an easy serial connection between the controller and computer to provide the GUI display. The Arduino is programmed to obtain the voltage reading from the sensing unit and display it. Action unit in the project is automatic plant irrigator system. This unit consists of two small units which is water pumps and dripping system. Water pumps supplying 240V power supply and its operation is controlled by a relay. That is triggered by the arduino. (g) References Application of sensor manual, Principles and Basic, 1999 R.Frank, Research on the soil moisture sensor, 2000 C.C. Shock, R. Flock, E. Feibert, C.A. Shock, A. Pereira, L. Jensen, Irrigation Monitoring with Soil Water Tension. Oregan State University, 2005 Model KS-D1 owners manual, DELMHORST INSTRUMENT CO. Application of Microcontroller manual, Principle and the BASIC Stamp, 1999 . Juang, J.-N.; Ekong, D.U.; Carlson, C.; Longsdorf, W.; Miller, M.; , A Computer-Based Soil Moisture Monitoring and Hydrating System, System Theory, 2007. SSST 07. Thirty-Ninth Southeastern Symposium on , vol., no., pp.142-144, 4-6 March 2007 Julie S.Chang. Western Washington University. 10-22-2006 C. Brouwer, K. Prins, M. Kay, M. Heibloem. Irrigation Water Management: Irrigation Methods, Rome, Italy: Publications Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1988 C. O. Akinbile, M. S. Yusff, Growth, Yield and Water use Pattern of Chilli Pepper under Different Irrigation Scheduling and Management, Asian Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(2), pp 154 163, 2011. Y. Zhao, J. Zhang, J. Guan, W. Yin, Study on precision water-saving irrigation automatic control system by plant physiology, Industrial Electronics and Applications, 2009. ICIEA 2009. 4th IEEE Conference on , vol., no., pp.1296-1300, 25-27 May 2009 D ACCESS TO EQUIPMENT AND MATERIAL / KEMUDAHAN SEDIA ADA UNTUK KEGUNAAN BAGI PROJEK INI Equipment Peralatan Location Tempat E BUDGET /BELANJAWAN Please indicate your estimated budget for this project Sila nyatakan anggaran bajet bagi cadangan projek ini Budget details Butiran belanjawan Amount requested by applicant Jumlah yang dipohon oleh pemohon Comment by panel FYP 1 PSM 1 (RM) FYP 2 PSM 2 (RM) E (i) Project Materials Supplies Bekalan dan Bahan Projek Copper rods (Rm5.00) PCB BOARD (RM2.00) E (ii) Maintenance and Minor Repair Services Baik pulih kecil dan ubahsuai E (iii) Professional Services Perkhidmatan Ikhtisas E (vi) Accessories and Equipment Aksesori dan Peralatan TOTAL AMOUNT JUMLAH BESAR RM7.00 F Declaration by candidate / Akuan Calon (Please tick ( à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ )): / (Sila tanda ( à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ )): I hereby confess that: Saya dengan ini mengaku bahawa: All information stated here are accurate, Supervisor and panel has right to reject or to cancel this proposal without prior notice if there is any inaccurate information given. Semua maklumat yang diisi adalah benar, Penyelia dan panel berhak menolak permohonan atau membatalkan tawaran cadangan ini pada bila-bila masa sekiranya keterangan yang dikemukakan adalah tidak benar. Application of this Project Proposal is presented for a FYP 1 seminar. Permohonan cadangan projek projek ini dikemukakan untuk Seminar PSM 1. Date : Candidates Signature : Tarikh : Tandatangan Calon : ___________________________ G Recommended by FYP Supervisor Perakuan Penyelia PSM Please tick ( à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ ) Sila tandakan ( à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ ) Recommended: Diperakukan: A. Highly Recommended Sangat Disokong B. Recommended Disokong C. Not Recommended (Please specify reason) Tidak Disokong (Sila Nyatakan Sebab) Comments: Ulasan: Name: Signature: Nama: Tandatangan: Date: Tarikh: Appendix A: Flow Chart of Project Activities Start Proposing a project title: Development of monitoring system for Automatic Plant Irrigator Literature Review Soil Moisture Sensor PIC 3. Irrigation System Design the system System block diagram Soil Moisture Sensor Circuit 3. Programming PIC System Construction Run simulation for sensor circuit using LiveWire Pro System hardware and software construction System testing and analysis Final report writing and submission End Appendix B: Project Schedule of Project Activities (Gantt chart) Project Planning List major activities involved in the proposed project. Indicate duration of each activity to the related month(s). 2012 2013 Project Activities Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mac. Apr. May June Finding out the project title and proposal submission Search for relevance information with the project Designing and testing of the sensing unit Designing and testing of the action unit Integrating the sensing and the action unit Run testing and analysis Final report writing Appendix C: TURNITIN Report must be attached

The Symbolism of the Stone Angel by Margaret Laurence Essay -- Stone A

The Symbolism of the Stone Angel by Margaret Laurence Margaret Laurence's novel, The Stone Angel is a compelling journey of flashbacks seen through the eyes of Hagar Shipley, a ninety year-old woman nearing the end of her life.   In the novel, Margaret Laurence, uses the stone angel to effectively symbolize fictional characters.     The term symbolism in its broadest sense means the use of an object to stand for something other than itself.   In The Stone Angel, Margaret Laurence uses the stone angel to sybmolize the Currie family values and pride and in particular, the pride and cold personality traits of Hagar Shipley.   There are three primary areas where the stone angel is used to symbolize characters in the novel.   They are: the Currie family pride as a symbol of egoism and materialism, Hagar's lack of compassion for her family and friends as symbolized by a heart of stone, and Hagar's blindness to the feelings and needs of the others as symbolized by the blindness of the angel.     The stone angel is symbolic of the Currie family pride and values.   The stone angel memorial is purchased and brought from Italy by Jason Currie at great expense and placed at the grave site of his wife, in the Manawaka cemetery.   The stone angel is the largest and most expensive memorial in the cemetery.   Although the stone angel is intended to be a memorial for Mrs. Currie, it was not really suitable because Hagar describes her as being meek and a feeble ghost.   The angel is not intended for Mrs. Currie, but in fact, represents the materialistic and egotistical values that characterizes Jason and later, Hagar.   Jason purchases the stone angel in pride and not in grief over the death of this wife: "bought in pride to mark her bones and ... ...from her point of view and is blind to the needs and aspirations of others.   She can only see things from her side of the fence and cannot see how others view the world from the other side.   She is a blind as the stone statue. Although the Currie?s family pride is symbolized repeatedly by the stone angel throughout the novel, it is Hagar who is best symbolized the stone angel.   The angel aptly symbolizes the blindness, hardness, and lack of feelings that are characteristics Hagar displays during her life.   In retrospect, Hagar is the stone angel. Works Cited and Consulted Blewett, D.. "The Unity of the Manawaka Cycle." The World of the Novel: A Student's Guide to Margaret Laurence's The Stone Angel. Ed. Lillian Perigoe and Beverly Copping. Scarborough: Prentice Hall Inc., 1983. Laurence, Margaret. The Stone Angel. Toronto: McClelland &Stewart Inc., 1988.

Advantages of Technical Education Essay

It is appropriate for me to seize this opportunity to speak a couple of words on the need to expand Technical Education in the country. In Sri Lanka, technical education began in the 1890s with the establishment of the Colombo Technical College, which, as Government Department, functioned to cater to certain requirements of such Government Departments as Public Works, Railways and Irrigation. Technical Education, because of this limited focus, did not expand in the colonial period; it was after independence an attempt was made to start engineering courses. With the establishment of the University of Ceylon, an Engineering Degree course was started. In the sixties, a network of Technical Colleges came into existence but they taught only trade and craft courses. What the country needed was an Institute which could career to the middle level needs in the field of technical knowledge. Such middle level technical know-how was necessary for the country to undertake development; industry was expanding and new development corporations came into being, and such institutions, in addition to engineers, wanted middle level technical expertise. The Expansion Since there was no organization to produce such men, the Government of the day wanted us to examine the possibility of setting up a Technological Institute which is capable of producing middle level technicians in areas relevant to development. Ampara Hardy Institute, German Technical Institute and the HNDE courses have become popular, and they produced employable technicians who found employment. It was in this background that we established the Sri Lanka Institute of Advanced Technological Education (SLIATE) which is now emerging as a centre of excellence in the area of Technological Studies in the country, and its provincial centres have become attractive centres of learning. All students, who pass the Advanced Level examination cannot enter the Universities, and they need to be given opportunities in the field of higher education. This Institute has 18 branches throughout the country which could provide educational opportunities to a large group of students; today this kind of qualification could be easily marketed in a highly competitive world and the middle level technician is as important as a qualified engineer. The Government, based on the Mahinda Chintana strategy on higher education, proposes to develop the SLIATE into a centre of excellence, and we are receiving substantial foreign assistance for the improvement of the Institute. In my view, Sri Lankan higher education institutions need foreign assistance and partnerships to meet the international competition in the Higher Education market. Today the world has become globalized, and in such a context, whatever changes we make, we need to look from the point of view of global considerations. The multiple demands of economic and social development, specially in the context of Sri Lanka, needs diverse tertiary institutions, and the SLIATE, with its network of colleges specializing in technical subjects, can provide the State with middle level technically trained personnel. The very existence of the SLIATE shows that the country needs an education system with increased differentiation; in other words, the development of non-university institutions like higher technological colleges can help meet the growing social demand for higher education. Those students, who fail to find places within the formal University system, need to be provided with opportunities in the technical education sector, and it is through such diversification of higher educational institutions that access to tertiary education can be improved; today nearly 210,000 students sit the Advanced Level examination, out of which nearly 120,000 students qualify to enter the Universities but the annual intake to Universities is restricted to less than 20,000. This is a major problem in the system, and this question has to be immediately addressed. The Government has adopted two strategies; one is to get a sizable section into the Technical education sector, and the rest has been given an opportunity to make use of the Distance Mode. I would like to refer to the expansion of the Open University and the effective use of the external degrees formula. It is through enrollment in non-university institutions that the problems relating to access could be solved. For instance, in East Asia, the average annual growth of University enrollment was 11 percent between 1975 and 1980 and 6 percent between 1980-1988, as compared with 24 and 10 percent for non-University institutions in the same period. Several types of non-University institutions, similar to the SLIATE, have evolved in various countries to expand higher educational opportunities for those who aspire to get into the system. For example, Poly- Technics, Professional and Technical Institutes, Community Colleges and Institutions offering Distance Education. Need for Diversification In the Sri Lankan context, we cannot totally depend on the traditional system of University education. It has served a good purpose, and it is still serving a purpose; in my view, the immediate need is to diversify the tertiary education system with an emphasis on technical and vocational education. In terms of cost, they are low cost programmes and the country can afford such a network of colleges which could provide them with a qualification and training, with which a person can find employment. The emphasis on scholastic education, which began with the establishment of the University College in 1921, needs to be transformed, and the young men and women, who now seek a qualification to get employment, should be encouraged to get a Technical qualification from an Institute like the SLIATE. It is the policy of the Government is to develop the SLIATE into a centre of excellence, it is not a mere Technical College, it is a special kind of Technological Institute, the products of which can make a vital contribution to the process of economic and social development. Technical education, like University education, should become an integral aspect of the development process in the country. Only an Institute of this nature, with varied products of highly skilled labour, which can respond to labour market demands in a country. The reason is that such an Institute can operate multi-disciplinary programmes in various technical fields and the SLIATE is doing exactly that. What needs to be done is to produce all types of skilled labour which a market economy needs; in other words, what the industry needs has to be produced. In Singapore, the employment prospects for graduates of Polytechnics are so good that many talented students seek entry into the vocationally-oriented Polytechnics rather than regular academic programme conducted by the Universities. In my view, the development of the SLIATE is certain to create a similar intellectual culture in the country. Let me make use of this opportunity to speak a couple of words on the role of the teacher. I was a University teacher for more than thirty years. I want all these young men and women to be good teachers, dedicated to the function of teaching. One has to be a dedicated teacher who set an example to the student community; you must be able to command respect among the student community, for which you need an intellectual personality. You need to be an intellectual-cum-teacher and then only you can attract the attention of the student community. Above all, you need to be a man of character. In the final analysis, you are members of the intellectual community of this country, and it is the intellectual community, for that matter in any country, which provides the leadership for the transformation of a society.

Pepsi’s Strategy in Entering India

PepsiCo had been trying to enter the Indian market for quite some time with no success. In 1988 Pepsi received a letter from George Fernandes, the General Secretary of one of the country's leading political parties, Janata Dal. He wrote, â€Å"I learned that you are coming here. I am the one that threw Coca-Cola out, and we are soon going to come back into the government. If you come into the country, you have to remember that the same fate awaits you as Coca-Cola. † This scared PepsiCo a bit knowing that their rival was forced to leave the country in 1977 after the Janata Dal came to power.PepsiCo had to think of a way to get in without facing the same consequences Coca-Cola had to face. In May 1985, PepsiCo joined with one of India's leading business houses, the R P Goenka (RPG) group, to begin operations in the India. The company, along with the RPG group company Agro Product Export Ltd. , planned to import the cola concentrate and sell soft drinks under the Pepsi label. Pe psiCo's decision linked its entry with the development and welfare of the state was aimed at winning the government over. The fact that Punjab boasted a healthy agricultural sector played a role in PepsiCo's decision.Coke and PepsiPepsiCo claimed that it would play a central role in bringing about an agricultural revolution in the state and would create many employment opportunities. It promised to create 50,000 jobs in the nation. Pepsi began by setting up a fruit and vegetable processing plants at Zahura village in Punjab's Hoshiarpur district. The plant then was focused on processing tomatoes to make tomato paste. Pepsi had a tough time convincing farmers to work for the company. Its experts from the US had to interact extensively with the farmers to explain how they could benefit from working with the company.

The Use of Modern Innovations in the Production of Commodities

The Use of Modern Innovations in the Production of Commodities The main problem raised includes that of the use of machinery and modern innovations in the production of commodities (Marx, 1906). The author strives to bring out an argument that is crucial in identify and clarifying whether the use of machinery has, in any way, helped in improving working conditions.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on The Use of Modern Innovations in the Production of Commodities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to the author, the capitalist system is where the employee works for few hours while using machines in the workplace (Marx, 1906). In addition, the employees produce more when using machines and yet they receive little pay for their work (Marx, 1906). The author’s argument focuses on the discussion that machines can be regarded as a means with which capitalists produce surplus value. Another key argument raised by the author focuses on the mode of production, both in th e manufacture and the modern industry (Marx, 1906). The author contends that the revolution in the production mode starts with labor power in the manufacture while, in modern industry, it starts with the instruments that deal with labor (Marx, 1906). Another conclusion that the author makes in the text includes the argument that machines perform the same duties as those performed by human beings (Marx, 1906). As discussed by the author, the modern industry considers machines as the key tools to be used in the production of goods. The modern world has developed to such an extent that machines can be used in the production of other machines (Marx, 1906). The author gives a historical account of the development of machines over the years (Marx, 1906). The author concludes that the number of implements that can be used by a human being tend to be limited to the body organs. Thus, a human being may not be capable of operating many machines at the same time (Marx, 1906). On the invention, as well as advancement of machinery, the author states that, in Germany, there had been attempts to have two spinning wheels work with a single spinner (Marx, 1906). However, this turned out to be impossible.Advertising Looking for book review on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The author contends that it is the discovery of a treddle spinning wheel that had two spindles and other discoveries, which had an effect on machinery development (Marx, 1906). The author discusses the various ways through which machines could be driven in industries. For example, the Arkwright throstle-spinning mill could be turned by water. The text also explains the invention of the prime mover, which could be driven by both water and coal and whose power could be controlled by humans (Marx, 1906). The author contends that the conversion of tools from manual to mechanical implements played a crucial role in the advance ment of the machines (Marx, 1906). This is because the motive mechanism could be driven by other machines, hence allowing it to drive more machines than in the past (Marx, 1906). The author concludes that, in a machinery system that can be regarded as real, machines of various kinds supplement each other in the production process (Marx, 1906). This enhances the division of labor in the manufacturing process, whereby various machines and various workers operate the machinery at various stages in the production of a commodity (Marx, 1906). Another issue that the author has tackled includes how the machines supply the materials to each other in the production process (Marx, 1906). This is especially the case in commodities, which require various machines in their production. According to the author, the essence of the factory system is to increase production in the industries and ensure maximization of profits (Marx, 1906). Reference List Marx, K. (1906). Capital: A Critique of Politic al Economy. New York: Modern Library.

Ecosystem Toxic Chemical Threat Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ecosystem Toxic Chemical Threat - Essay Example SECTION TWO Question1. Is this an Acute or Chronic Environmental Threat? The presence of heavy metals in our environment causes chronic hazards to aquatic life and environment. This is because the metals are accumulative poisons that affect their health adversely when they expose or consume them frequently for a longer period of time. Similarly, it has a long-term effect on the environment through constant emissions or discharge to soil, water and surface depending on the source of the contaminants, level and duration of exposure (Palmer 121) Question 2 Is this a systemic (ecosystem) or Targeted Species Threat? Heavy metals are majorly released into the environment largely by manmade activities such as industrial processing and discharge from sewage plants and agricultural activities. This makes it to be more hazardous to both environment and aquatic life, hence, attracting deep concern globally on its mitigation options and control. Question 3 How likely is it that the chemical will be discharged in sufficient amount to do serious harm? The rate at which wastes from the industries and agricultural or sewage plants are releasing their contaminated discharges having lethal heavy metals into aquatic environment is astonishingly high. Given that these activities are manmade and owing to steady increase of global population, the rate at which these activities takes place also increases, generating sufficient amount of deadly heavy metals into marine ecosystem that can result into negative impact on the lives of aquatic population. Question 4 How severe are the consequences of the potential exposure? Potential exposure to heavy metals has adverse effects to aquatic life. For example, presence of cadmium in the ecosystem and in aquatic environment poses adverse effect to both the environment and the aquatic life. According to UNEP (2002), it is recognized as one of the most lethal hazardous water contaminants and could be harmful at every level in ranging from organi sm to cell elements. The harmful value for fish falls within the acceptable limit range of 0.5 ?g/dm3 to 21.1 mg/dm3. Given that this heavy metal has a chronic effect, its accumulative contamination effects can cause detrimental disturbance to aquatic life and the ecosystem. For example, in the case of fish, its effects range from abnormal behavior in fish metabolism, movement behavior to anorexia. Safety and Health Agency (OSHA) clarifies that it is a prospective aquatic carcinogen and is highly linked with anomalous functioning of the aquatic blood cell system. Based on its effects, both the species of chromium are connected to DNA malfunctions of the aquatic animal upon exposure. Similarly, long term accumulation of chromium in the marine environment has adversely affected the aquatic life in this ecosystem. Chromium majorly exist in both Cr (III) and Cr (VI) oxidation states. Chromium (VI) is considered to be more disastrous to aquatic life compared to the former ion Cr 3+. This is because it is readily soluble and mobile in aquatic environment. Question 5 How wide spread is the ecological threat - How many ecosystems and/or species are threatened by the expected exposure? According to Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) report released in 2004, this group of

Fatigue and performance in aviation Annotated Bibliography

Fatigue and performance in aviation - Annotated Bibliography Example The second part of alert management focus on implementing information gained through research such as scheduled sleep, which will help in improving alertness of pilots. According to findings, scheduled naps have the potential of enhancing alertness to 100%, and increasing performance by 34% (Fiorino 2). This is a credible article published on Aviation Week & Space Technology, which is a reputable publication. In addition, the author constantly refers to information by Mark R. Rosekind, Rosekind is former NASA research scientist, and a consultant on Alertness Solutions, which means he has a good background on the issue of fatigued pilots in aviation, and thus, making the source credible. In addition, the source is objective as it draws information from various people and sources, rather than making personal assumptions. The author is a senior editor with this publication in Safety & Training category, thus, given the background she provides reliable information. This source relates with other sources in this bibliography because of its major focus on fatigued pilots. This source will be helping in my research topic by arguing that fatigue in pilots is the cause of airplane accidents. Thus, it engages in a similar conversation with the other sources, as well as give an insight into the solutions for combating fatigue of pilots. This article investigates the effect of long layovers and a short layover for pilots on sleep and alertness. The research carried out on pilots of Long haul airline reveals through mixed model regression analysis that the length of layover present no effect on inflight sleep, as well as ground based sleep. On the other hand, the study showed that a layover length impacts on the alertness of pilots. For instance, with short layovers, pilots exhibited high levels of fatigue and poor sustenance of attention. On the other hand, pilots who took long layovers were more attentive. According to the authors,